Data centre security in a changing threat landscape

~ How the Critical National Infrastructure status impacts security practices across the industry ~

 

The UK government’s decision to designate select data centres as part of the country’s Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) marks a significant step in recognising their essential role in maintaining vital services. As hubs supporting industries like healthcare, telecommunications and finance, data centres are increasingly attractive targets for cybercriminals. While the CNI classification enhances the protection of certain facilities, it also creates new challenges for the sector at large. Here, Martin Wegrostek, cyber security portfolio manager at managed IT services firm OryxAlign, examines the implications of this change and why comprehensive security measures are vital for all data centres.

 

Escalating risks in a volatile threat environment

Recent statistics from the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) show a 16 per cent rise in hostile cyber activities across the UK in 2024 compared to the previous year. To counter these growing threats, the government has strengthened the resilience of critical sectors. With the CNI designation, select data centres now benefit from enhanced support from organisations like the NCSC and prioritised responses from emergency services in the event of an attack.

 

However, the CNI status brings unique challenges. The confidentiality surrounding which facilities are classified as critical means attackers may resort to targeting multiple data centres indiscriminately, hoping to strike a critical one. This broadens the threat landscape for non-designated facilities, making it vital for all operators to reassess their security strategies.

 

Addressing vulnerabilities in IT and OT systems

Data centres must adopt a holistic approach to cybersecurity to respond effectively to the evolving threat landscape. Historically, operational technology (OT) systems — like power management and cooling infrastructure — haven’t received the same level of protection as traditional IT systems. Yet these systems are increasingly exploited as entry points into larger networks due to vulnerabilities like outdated firmware or weak encryption.

 

Conducting a thorough security audit is the best place to start. This process identifies every endpoint across IT and OT environments, including overlooked legacy systems, providing a foundation for robust security measures. Once an inventory is in place, deploying tools like Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) helps monitor endpoints for suspicious activity, while Extended Detection and Response (XDR) provides a unified view of potential vulnerabilities across networks and servers, enabling faster threat mitigation.

 

Equally important is tackling human error, which remains a significant factor in breaches. Regular employee training on phishing and social engineering equips staff with the skills to identify and counter such threats. Additionally, network segmentation can restrict the movement of attackers within a compromised system, and regular patch management ensures that both IT and OT systems are updated with the latest security fixes.

 

Meeting regulatory and customer expectations

For CNI-designated facilities, the new classification introduces stricter regulations, including mandatory incident reporting, regular audits and heightened security standards. Failing to meet these requirements could lead to reputational damage, financial penalties or the loss of key clients.

 

Even for non-CNI data centres, maintaining robust security measures is increasingly a competitive necessity. Clients across sectors, particularly government organisations like the NHS, are demanding proof of compliance with stringent security protocols before entering partnerships. By adopting CNI-level practices, data centres not only protect customer trust but also position themselves as leaders in a crowded market.

 

Encouraging collaboration and investment

The government’s recognition of data centres as critical highlights the need for greater collaboration between the public and private sectors. Introducing incentives, like tax breaks or funding for security upgrades, could support data centres in meeting heightened regulatory demands. Beyond compliance, prioritising security investments builds resilience and demonstrates a commitment to safeguarding client data.

 

Service providers like OryxAlign support this transition by performing in-depth audits, identifying vulnerabilities and implementing tailored security solutions that align with evolving industry requirements.

 

Preparing for an uncertain future

As the cybersecurity landscape continues to shift, data centres must proactively assess and strengthen their defences. By identifying vulnerabilities and closing gaps, operators can ensure they are prepared to meet rising security expectations — whether they hold a CNI designation or not.

 

The CNI classification serves as both a warning and a call to action for the entire industry. With strategic planning and robust security measures, data centres can safeguard their customers, enhance their reputation and fortify the UK’s digital infrastructure against the challenges ahead.

 

For advice on improving your cybersecurity posture, visit www.oryxalign.com.