~ The design considerations for the next generation of Formula E vehicles ~
In its first season, all teams competing in the ABB FIA Formula E championship were supplied with the same electric vehicle (EV). Now, teams can get more creative under the bonnet and automotive manufacturers are using Formula E as a test bed to fine-tune their green technology. Here, Steve Hughes, managing director of specialist electrical components manufacturer REO UK, explains the key considerations when designing the next generation of EVs for Formula E.
Since its inception in 2014, Formula E has boomed in popularity. Contenders now include automotive manufacturers like BMW, Jaguar and Mahindra, with Mercedes-Benz and Porsche set to join the line up in the 2019–20 competition.
Whereas most car racing tournaments like F1 are held in rural and desolate areas, Formula E races are held in the middle of the world’s capital cities. While Formula E cars still drive like traditional racing cars, they don’t sound like one. This is because the roar of a combustion engine is missing and so are its harmful CO2 emissions.
According to a report from the United Nations (UN), in 2015 the transport sector was responsible for around a quarter of energy related global greenhouse emissions. Air quality is a pressing global issue and the organisers behind Formula E want to demonstrate that EVs are the future of sustainable transportation.
Compared to traditional combustion engines, EVs are designed to be much simpler. In Formula E, every team is supplied with the same battery technology and chassis, but manufacturers can integrate their own drivetrains, motors to drive the drivetrains and then of course how many motors and gears they want.
By adding in specialist components, automotive manufacturers can eliminate the 300 moving parts you would typically find in a F1 car, to just one moving part in an EV by optimising the vehicle’s electric motor.
To explain more clearly, the electric motor in an EV is much smaller and lighter than an internal combustion engine and weighs around 26 kilo grams, providing more than 250 horsepower. The motor typically drives the rear wheels of the car and, to ensure smooth driving at high-speeds, manufacturers need to install electronics like REO’s current transformer and REO high current filter, to convert the battery’s current from DC to AC. This can then be transferred to the electric motor and then directly into the wheels.
The torque delivery from the motor is almost instant, giving the powertrain extremely fast acceleration, as required in fast-series tournaments like Formula E.
At a time when the supply of electrical energy plays an increasingly pivotal role in the functioning and operation of EVs, manufacturers need to employ components that can ensure efficient energy transmission and power quality. By doing this and demonstrating it on the race track, Formula E could be exactly what the automotive industry needs to convince the wider public that EVs can be sustainable and fit for day-to-day driving.
Of course, there are many ways that EVs are proving themselves to be a sustainable and practical alternative to traditional vehicles. In fact, REO UK recently released a whitepaper exploring the growth of the EV market and why it’s on track to grow exponentially in the next few years. You can download the whitepaper from the REO UK website.
